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Course Outline

Foundational Concepts & Biological Data Architecture

  • Core bioinformatics domains: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and structural biology
  • Data formats and standards: FASTA, GenBank, EMBL, PDB, FASTQ, and tabular metadata
  • Database ecosystems: centralized repositories, API access, and data integration strategies
  • Algorithmic thinking in biology: how computational models represent biological molecules and interactions
  • Practical lab: Database navigation, format conversion, and metadata extraction exercises with live quizzes

Sequence Alignments & Homology Mapping

  • Principles of sequence alignment: global vs. local, substitution matrices (BLOSUM, PAM), and gap penalties
  • Multiple sequence alignment workflows: Clustal Omega, MUSCLE, and progressive alignment strategies
  • Aligning and visualizing results: Jalview, alignment scoring, conservation analysis, and motif identification
  • Practical lab: Aligning coding and non-coding sequences, interpreting conservation patterns, and validating alignment quality

BLAST & Its Applications

  • BLAST algorithm mechanics: seed-and-extend, heuristic search, and statistical significance (E-value, bit score)
  • BLAST variants: nucleotide, protein, tblastn, megablast, and PSI-BLAST for iterative discovery
  • Translating BLAST outputs: identifying homologs, inferring function, and mapping to functional domains
  • Practical lab: Running targeted BLAST searches, filtering results, extracting functional annotations, and concept validation quizzes

Translation Tools & Codon Analysis

  • Genetic code translation: ORF finding, start/stop codon recognition, and frame detection
  • Codon usage bias, GC content, and mRNA stability implications for expression systems
  • Translation optimization: codon adaptation indices, restriction site avoidance, and synthetic gene design principles
  • Practical lab: ORF prediction, codon bias analysis, and translation optimization exercises with alignment validation

Primer Designing & Experimental Planning

  • Primer design fundamentals: length, Tm, GC clamp, dimer/hairpin avoidance, and amplicon size constraints
  • Primer evaluation metrics: specificity scoring, cross-reactivity screening, and secondary structure prediction
  • Software workflows: Primer3, OligoAnalyzer, and in silico PCR validation against reference genomes
  • Practical lab: Designing targeted primers for a given gene, evaluating performance metrics, and troubleshooting common design failures

Epitope Prediction & Immunoinformatics Workflows

  • Types of epitopes: linear vs. conformational, B-cell vs. T-cell epitopes, and MHC binding prediction
  • Prediction algorithms: NetMHC, BepiPred, IEDB tool integration, and score interpretation thresholds
  • Translating predictions into experimental validation: peptide synthesis, binding assays, and antibody development pipelines
  • Practical lab: Submitting sequences to epitope prediction servers, filtering high-confidence hits, and mapping epitope clusters to protein domains

Secondary Structure Prediction & Folding Dynamics

  • Protein structure levels and folding principles: hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic collapse, and β-sheet/α-helix formation
  • Prediction methodologies: Chou-Fasman, GOR, neural network-based predictors, and template-free modeling
  • Interpreting output: confidence scores, region-level flexibility, and functional domain mapping
  • Practical lab: Running structure predictors on target proteins, visualizing secondary structure elements, and correlating predictions with experimental data

Phylogenetic Analysis & Evolutionary Insights

  • Tree construction principles: distance-based, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods
  • Alignment-to-tree pipelines: masking, trimming, substitution models, and bootstrapping for confidence estimation
  • Tree visualization and annotation: rooting, clade interpretation, outgroup selection, and functional trait mapping
  • Practical lab: Building a phylogenetic tree from aligned sequences, evaluating bootstrap support, and annotating clades with biological metadata

Integrated Workflows, Troubleshooting & Capstone Application

  • Pipeline design: chaining tools, managing dependencies, and automating repetitive bioinformatics tasks
  • Common pitfalls: database version drift, parameter misconfiguration, overfitting predictions, and cross-referencing errors
  • Algorithm evaluation: recognizing tool limitations, when to switch predictors, and validating computational results against wet-lab data
  • Capstone: Participants select a biological question, retrieve data, run a targeted analysis pipeline, interpret results, and present findings with troubleshooting documentation and tool selection rationale
  • Open review, concept reinforcement, and resource distribution for continued independent study

Requirements

Fundamental biological knowledge regarding proteins, RNA, and DNA.

 21 Hours

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